The contribution of the history of modern architecture in India is unparalleled in terms of the many experiments that were embarked upon in search of spatial and social innovations that were responsive to the cultural, social, political and economic landscape of India. At a time when architecture in India needs a critical review, it is this history that serves as a reference and a foundation.

Mapping Modern History

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1930 – 1949 

LISTING

1930 | St. Martin’s Garrison Church, New Delhi | Arthur G. Shoosmith
1934 | Manik Bagh Palace, Indore | Eckart Muthesius
1937 | Gold Finch Apartment, Bombay | G. B. Mhatre
1938 | Lighthouse Cinema, Calcutta | Dudok
1938 | Sheth Mangaldas Town Hall, Ahmedabad | Gregson, Batley            & King
1938 | St Stephen’s College, Delhi University, Delhi | Walter S. George
1939 | Shodhan House, Ahmedabad | Atmaram Gajjar
1942 | Central College of Women, Nagpur | Otto Koenigsberger
1944 | Sri Jaya Chamarajendra Victory Hall, Bangalore | Otto Koenigsberger
1947 | Dining Hall, Institute of  Science, Bangalore | Otto Koenigsberger
1948 | Golconde House, Pondicherry | Antonin Raymond & George Nakashima
1949 | Gandhi Ghat, Bankipore | Habib Rahman

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1950 – 1959

LISTING

1950 | Siliguri Railway Station, Siliguri | Nariman Bejonji Shroff
1950 | Utkal University Library, Bhubaneswar | Benjamin Polk & Binoy Chatterjee
1952 | Jehangir Art Gallery, Bombay | G. M. Bhuta and Associates
1952 | TB Association Building, New Delhi | Walter George
1953 | Government Housing, Chandigarh | Pierre Jeanneret
1953 | Punjab Engineering College, Punjab | J K Chowdhury
1954 | ATIRA, Ahmedabad | Achyut Kanvinde
1954 | Canteen for Mill Workers, Ahmedabad | Mody and Colgan
1954 | CPWD Central Govt. Official Quarters, Bhubaneswar | CPWD
1954 | Home Science Block, WCC, Madras | Bennett Pithavadian
1954 | Hutheesing-Shodhan Villa, Ahmedabad | Le Corbusier
1954 | Orissa State Secretariat, Bhubaneswar | Julius Vaz
1954 | Petroleum House, Bombay | Chauncey W. Riley
1955 | CEERI, Pilani | Achyut Kanvinde
1955 | Dak Tar Bhavan, New Delhi | Habib Rahman
1955 | Sarabhai Villa, Ahmedabad | Le Corbusier
1956 | Secondary School, Chandigarh | Jane Drew
1956 | High Court, Chandigarh | Le Corbusier
1956 | Kirorimal College, Delhi | C. S. H. Jhabvala
1956 | Rajghat, New Delhi | Vanu G. Bhuta
1956 | Secretariat, Chandigarh | Le Corbusier
1956 | Textile Mill Owners’ Association, Ahmedabad | Le Corbusier
1957 | Causticization Plant, Rourkela | Benjamin Polk & Binoy Chatterjee
1957 | National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow | Kanvinde & Rai
1957 | Sanskar Kendra, Ahmedabad | Le Corbusier
1958 | Oberoi Hotel, New Delhi | Durga Bajpai & Piloo Mody, PG Patki Architects
1959 | Azad Bhavan, New Delhi | Achyut Kanvinde
1959 | Maulana Azad Memorial, Delhi | Habib Rahman

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1960 – 1969

LISTING

1960 | Higher Secondary School, Chandigarh | Jeet Lal Malhotra
1960 | House for Self, Baroda | Suryakant Patel
1960 | Legislative Assembly, Chandigarh | Le Corbusier
1960 | New Secretariat, Calcutta | Habib Rahman
1960 | Twin Houses, Bhavnagar | Charles Correa
1961 | Gandhi Bhawan, Chandigarh | Pierre Jeanneret
1961 | Hindustan Lever Pavillion, New Delhi | Charles Correa Associates
1961 | Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi | J. K. Chowdhury
1961 | National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad | Gautam & Gira Sarabhai
1961 | Rabindra Bhavan, New Delhi | Habib Rahman
1961 | Tagore Theatre, Chandigarh | Aditya Prakash
1961 | Tribal Girls Boarding School, Udwada | Pravina Mehta
1962 | India International Centre, New Delhi | Joseph A. Stein
1962 | Indian Overseas Bank, Madras | Bennett Pithavadian
1962 | Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad | Vastu Shilpa Consultants
1962 | Uma Patel’s Kihim House, Kihim | Pravina Mehta
1963 | Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya, Ahmedabad | Charles Correa
1963 | Islam Gymkhana, Bombay | I. M. Kadri Architects
1963 | Jeevan Sadhna School, Baroda | A. J. Talati
1963 | Kothari Building, Madras | S. L. Chitale
1963 | YMCA Staff Quarters, New Delhi | The Design Group
1963 | Triveni Kala Sangam, New Delhi | Joseph Allen Stein
1964 | Architect’s Studio, Baroda | Suryakant Patel
1964 | Gurudwara Guru Singh Sabha, Chandigarh | Shivdatt Sharma
1964 | Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India Centre, New Delhi | Achyut Kanvinde
1965 | External Affairs Hostel, New Delhi | Habib Rahman
1965 | Indraprastha Bhavan, New Delhi | Habib Rahman
1965 | Darpana Academy of Performing Arts, Ahmedabad | Achyut Kanvinde
1965 | St Xavier’s School, New Delhi | Achyut Kanvinde
1966 | National Institute of Oceanography, Goa | Achyut Kanvinde
1966 | Administrative Building, HMT factory, Hyderabad |   Chandavarkar &Thacker
1966 | Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh | Shivdatt Sharma
1966 | Gandhi Memorial Hall, New Delhi | Achyut Kanvinde
1966 | Indian Institute of  Technology, Kanpur | Kanvinde & Rai
1966 | PG Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh | Jeet Lal Malhotra
1967 | Arts College Hostel, Chandigarh | Shivdatt Sharma
1967 | Central Bank of India, Ahmedabad | Vastu Shilpa Consultants
1967 | Shivsagar Estate, Bombay | I .M. Kadri Architects
1968 | Apsara Theater, Bombay | Yahya Merchant
1968 | CEPT, Ahmedabad | Vastu Shilpa Consultants
1968 | Ford Foundation Office, New Delhi | Joseph A. Stein
1968 | Jivan Manek apartment  Tower, Bombay | I. M. Kadri Architects
1968 | Rama Bakhle Bungalow, Pune | Pravina Mehta & Hema Sankalia
1968 | Shri Ram Centre, New Delhi | Shiv Nath Prasad
1969 | Akbar Hotel, New Delhi | Shiv Nath Prasad
1969 | Chanakya Cinema, New Delhi | P. N. Mathur, Rajinder Singh & Satish Davar
1969 | French Embassy Staff Quarters, New Delhi | Raj Rewal Associates
1969 | Gujarat State Guesthouse, New Delhi | Achyut Kanvinde
1969 | House for Mrs and Mr H. S. Malik, New Delhi | Ram Sharma
1969 | Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Library, New Delhi | Mansinh M. Rana
1969 | National Centre for Performing Arts, Bombay | Phillip Johnson & Patel Batliwala
1969 | SMIORE Housing, Vyasanakere | Architects’ Combine

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1970 – 1979

LISTING

1970 | Express Towers, Bombay | Joseph A. Stein
1970 | Hindon River Mills Factory, Ghaziabad | Morad Chowdhury
1970 | India Pavilion, Osaka | Sachdev and Eggleston
1970 | YMCA Institute of Engineering, Faridabad | The Design Group
1971 | Electronics Corporation of India Township, Hyderabad | Vastu Shilpa Associates
1971 | Hall of Nations, New Delhi | Raj Rewal Associates
1971 | Housing at Aspiration, Auroville | Roger Anger
1971 | Inter-State Bus Terminus, New Delhi | Rajinder Kumar
1971 | Lecture Theatres, Jodhpur | Uttam C. Jain
1971 | Loyola Chapel, Thiruvananthapuram | Lauri Baker
1971 | NHL  Medical  College, Ahmedabad | Suryakant Patel
1972 | Nehru Pavilion, New Delhi | Raj Rewal Associates
1972 | Premabhai Hall, Ahmedabad | Vastu Shilpa Consultants
1972 | Hotel Broadway, Srinagar | Achyut Kanvinde
1972 | National Dairy Development Board Campus, Anand | Achyut Kanvinde
1973 | Dudhsagar Dairy Farm, Mehsana | Achyut Kanvinde
1973 | Hostel Tower, National Dairy Development Board, Anand | Achyut Kanvinde & Morad Chowdhury
1973 | Patel Bhavan, New Delhi | Habib Rahman
1973 | St. John’s Cathedral, Tiruvalla | Laurie Baker
1973 | St. Thomas’ Church, New Delhi | Oscar Pereira
1973 | St. Xavier’s Primary School, Ahmedabad | Hasmukh C. Patel
1973 | University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore | Achyut Kanvinde
1974 | Air India, Bombay | John Burgee
1974 | Ashoka Estate, New Delhi | Achyut P. Kanvinde
1974 | CEAT Mahal, Bombay | I. M. Kadri
1974 | Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum | Laurie Baker
1974 | House for Mr S. W. Desai, Baroda | Shirgaonkar and Ekbote
1974 | Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad | Louis I. Kahn
1974 | Sanskrit School, Auroville | Roger Anger
1974 | Shelters at Auromodel, Auroville | Roger Anger
1975 | Auditorium at Sri Venkateshwara University, Tirupati | S. L. Chitale
1975 | Reserve Bank of India, Ahmedabad | Hasmukh C. Patel
1976 | Chakravarty House, New Delhi | Romi Khosla
1976 | Hostels at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi | C. P. Kukreja
1976 | Housing at Malviya Nagar, New Delhi | Kuldip Singh
1976  | Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi | Anant Raje
1976 | LIC Housing, Ahmedabad | Vastu Shilpa Associates
1976 | Low-cost housing, Noida | Anil Laul
1976 | State Trading Corporation, New Delhi | Raj Rewal
1976 | Visvesvarya Centre, Bangalore | Charles Correa
1976 | Raj Mandir Cinema, Jaipur | W.M. Namjoshi
1977 | Bandodkar Memorial, Goa | Uttam C. Jain
1977 | Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar | J. L. Chowdhury
1977 | Hotel Mughal Sheraton, Agra | The Design Group
1977 | Salvacao Church, Bombay | Charles Correa Associates
1978 | Press Enclave Co-operative Group Housing, New Delhi | M. N. Ashish Ganju
1978 | Rural Mental Health Institute, Sakalvara | Architects’ Combine
1978 | TARA Group Housing, New Delhi | Charles Correa Associates
1978 | Vikram Sarabhai Hall, Ahmedabad | S. D. Sharma
1978 | SOS Village, Bawana, Haryana | Christopher Charles Benninger
1979 | Chinmaya Mission Centre, Ahmedabad | Mahendra Kothari
1979 | Mother and Child Care Centre, Bagnan | Ashish M. N. Ganju
1979 | Raman Research Institute library, Bangalore | P. K. Venkataramanan & P. K. Chandrasekaran

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1980 – 1989

LISTING

1980 | Bombay Stock Exchange (Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers), Bombay | Chandrakant Patel
1980 | Indian Coffee House, Trivandrum | Laurie Baker
1980 | Yamuna Apartments, New Delhi | The Design Group
1980 | Low-Cost Housing, Rajkot | Kulbhushan and Minakshi Jain
1980 | National Cooperative Development Corp., New Delhi | Kuldip Singh
1980 | Sangath, Ahmedabad | Vastu Shilpa Consultants
1981 | Tata Theatre, NCPA, Bombay | Philip Johnson
1982 | Bharatpuri Water Tank, Ujjain | Hema Sankalia
1982 | Dena Bank, Zonal Office, Ahmedabad | Hasmukh C. Patel
1982 | Hotel Cidade de Goa, Panaji | Charles Correa Associates
1982 | House for Mr Gowarikar, Trivandrum | Laurie Baker
1982 | Management Development Centre, Ahmedabad | Anant Raje &   B. V. Doshi
1982 | NDMC Indoor Swimming Pool, Asiad ’82, New Delhi | Satish Grover
1982 | Nehru Centre, Bombay | I. M. Kadri
1982 | Olympic Village, New Delhi | Raj Rewal
1982 | St Michael’s Church & Primary School, New Delhi | Achyut Kanvinde
1983 | Central Library, Jodhpur | Uttam C. Jain
1983 | Civic Centre, New Delhi | Kuldip Singh
1983 | House for Self, Ahmedabad | Leo Pereira
1983 | Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore | Vastu Shilpa Consultants
1983 | Kanchanjunga Apartments, Bombay | Charles Correa & Pravina Mehta
1983 | National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi | Raj Rewal
1983 | School for Mobile Creches, New Delhi | Vasant and Revathi Kamath
1983 | Kala Academy, Panaji | Charles Correa
1983 | Staff housing, Sri Dasmesh Academy, Anandpur | Satnam and Namita Singh
1983 | Vikas Sadan, New Delhi | Santosh Auluck
1983 | National Dairy Development Board Office, New Delhi | Achyut Kanvinde
1984 | ATIRA Staff housing, Ahmedabad | Anant Raje
1984 | Bombay Cloth Market, Surat | Suryakant Patel
1984 | Divisional Office, LIC, Agra | J. H. Ghadiali
1984 | Embassy of Belgium, New Delhi | Satish Gujral and Mohit Gujral
1984 | Gandhi Labour Institute, Ahmedabad | Vastu Shilpa Consultants
1984 | Guest rooms, Rajpath Club, Ahmedabad | Kamal Mangaldas
1984 | Hostel for Women, Ujjain | Hema Sankalia and Vilas Joshi
1984 | Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi | J. K. Chowdhury
1984 | Jawaharlal Nehru Planetarium, New Delhi | Mansinh M. Rana
1984 | Kalakshetra Theatre, Madras | D. Appukuttan Nair
1984 | Kashmir Conference Complex, Srinagar | Joseph A. Stein
1984 | Mud-brick Tourist Village, Mandawa | Revathi and Vasant Kamath
1984 | R&D Building, Semi-Conductor Complex, Chandigarh | Romi Khosla
1984 | Centre for Environment Education, Ahmedabad | Neelkanth Chhaya
1984 | Institute of Rural Management, Anand | Achyut Kanvinde
1985 | Artist’s Studio, Ahmedabad | Sudhir Shah
1985 | Escorts Factories, Faridabad | J. A. Stein, Doshi and Bhalla
1985 | Modern School, Vasanth Vihar, Delhi | Sachdev and Eggleston
1985 | Nehru Science Centre, Bombay | Achyut Kanvinde
1985 | Open Hand Monument, Chandigarh | Le Corbusier
1985 | Patha Bhavana Girls Hostel, Shantiniketan | Dulal Mukherjee
1985 | University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur | Uttam C. Jain
1985 | Lepers Hospital, Lasur, Maharashtra | Jan Olav Jensen, Per Christian Brynildsen
1985 | National Institute of Bank Management, Pune | Achyut Kanvinde
1986 | Baha’i House of Worship, New Delhi | Fariborz Sahba
1986 | Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delhi | Ralph Lerner
1986 | Kalidasa Academy, Ujjain | Hema Sankalia
1986 | Life Insurance Corporation, New Delhi | Charles Correa Associates
1986 | Olympic Swimming Pool and Stadium, TATA, Bombay | Brinda Somaya
1987 | Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, Ahmedabad | Bimal Patel
1987 | Indira Gandhi Institute of  Development Research, Bombay | Uttam C. Jain
1988 | Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal | Anant Raje
1989 | SCOPE Building, New Delhi | Raj Rewal Associates
1989 | Abu Abraham’s House, Trivandrum | Laurie Baker
1989 | Aranya Community Housing, Indore | Vastu-Shilpa Foundation

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1990-95

LISTING

1990 | Jain House, Lonavala | Nari Gandhi
1990 | Jal Vayu Vihar, Bangalore | Shilpa Sindoor Architects
1990 | Mati-Ghar, New Delhi | Sanjay Prakash
1990 | National Crafts Museum, New Delhi | Charles Correa Associates
1990 | NRK House, Bombay | Brinda Somaya
1990 | United Breweries Corporate Headquarters, Bangalore | Romi Khosla Design Studio
1991 | Malik House, Lonavala | Nari Gandhi
1992 | Amba Deep Tower, New Delhi | C. P. Kukreja Associates
1992 | IIM Bangalore | Vastu Shilpa Consultants
1992 | Jawahar Kala Kendra, Jaipur | Charles Correa Associates
1992 | Nalin Tomar House, Delhi | Kamath Design
1992 | Udavi School, Auroville | Studio Naqshbandi
1993 | India Habitat Centre, New Delhi | Joseph A. Stein
1993 | Nilaya Hermitage, Goa | Mozaic
1993 | Sanpada Housing, Navi Mumbai | Hema Sankalia and Subodh Dhairyawan
1995 | Amdivad ni Gufa, Ahmedabad | Vastu Shilpa Consultants

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CONTRIBUTE TO THE LIST

You can also email your comments and suggestions for the list to think@matter.co.in

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References & Resources:

MIT Libraries
CEPT University Archives
Architecture and Independence: The Search for Identity – India 1880 to 1980 by Jon Lang, Madhavi Desai, Miki Desai
Vistara, The Architecture of India by Carmen Kagal
Architecture in India by Electa Moniteur
Charles Correa with an essay by Kenneth Frampton, 1996
India: Modern Architectures in History by Peter Scriver and Amit Srivastava
Akar : Achyut Kanvinde
Jal Vayu Vihar
Shivdatt Sharma

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MODERN HERITAGE is a research, listing and documentation initiative that attempts to chronicle the rich history of modern architecture in India with a view that irrespective of the legal and conventional understanding of ‘Heritage’, these buildings must be protected, and this history must be recognised in academic and professional discourses. With many works of significance already altered or even demolished, the need for a Modern Heritage list is all the more urgent.

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While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information on the buildings mentioned in this list, any errors brought to our attention will be addressed and remedied.